Genito Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder

About Genito Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder

Genito pelvic pain penetration disorder is a DSM-5 diagnosis that combined the earlier categories of vaginismus and dyspareunia. It describes persistent or recurrent difficulties with vaginal penetration during intercourse, marked pain during penetration attempts, marked fear or anxiety about pain in anticipation of or during penetration, or marked tensing or tightening of the pelvic floor muscles, causing significant distress. These features often interact, as fear of pain can increase muscle tension and therefore pain. Contributing factors may include medical conditions such as infections, skin conditions or endometriosis, hormonal changes, past painful or traumatic experiences, anxiety and relationship factors. The condition can affect intimacy, relationships and attempts to conceive, and people may feel embarrassed to seek help. A thorough medical assessment is important. Effective approaches are often multidisciplinary, including pelvic floor physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, sex therapy, gradual exposure based programs, and treatment of underlying medical causes.